SECONDARY SECTOR

AMARAS AL REY SOBRE TODAS LAS COSAS

1-Do some research and explain the origin of the north-korean communist regime.

On October 17, 1926, a teenager Kim Il-sung, who would later become North Korea's first leader, established the Union to Defeat Imperialism. It was founded, according to official propaganda, to fight against Japanese imperialism and promote Marxism-Leninism.

The propaganda machine of North Korea would like to celebrate this moment as the anniversary of the founding of the party. For others, the real foundation happened in 1949, when communists from North Korea and South Korea finally created a coalition with the aim of moving towards a unified Korea.

2-Find three recents news about North Corea from different digital newspapers and include the links to them.

3. What are the names of the North-Korean leaders mentioned in the documentary? Who is the current leader of the country?

The documentary mentioned: Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un.

Kim Il Sung that was the first Supreme Leader of North Korea from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994 and he is considered the eternal president of the country.

His son, Kim Jong Il, was the leader of North Korea until he died after a heart attack in 2011.

And finally the current leader of the country is Kim Jong Un, Chairman of the workers' party of Korea.

4-What are the instruments  used by these leaders to mantain this dictatorial regime?

First to comment that it is a dictatorship full of lies that the liders impose on the people of the country using them as if they were puppets and making them believe that what they are living is the best for them.

A clear example is a traditional dance that is dedicated  to the leader in wich millions people participate, maybe many of them do not feel like doing the dance but they impose it.


5-What´s the meaning of the word Gulag? Where does it come from? Is there anything similar in North  Korea?

It was the branch of the NKVD that ran the penal system of forced labor camps and many other police functions in the Soviet Union. Although the forced labor camps operated in Russia  before that date  and the  establishment of the Soviet Union, the Gulag  was officially created on April 25,1930,and dissolved on January 13,1960.


6-According to the video what are the main caracteristics of a dictatorship?

The main caracteristics of a dictatorship  are that citizens do not have any kind of right, the only one who is free to do what he want is the leader, they deceive the inhabitants by manipulating everything they see on television in books and magazines, they have to have two pictures of the leader in their houses, and they can never turn their backs on a photo or a statue of the leader,it is a totaly retrograde society.



7-Compare the life of a north-korean family with your own. In addition, try to describe the life of a north-korean teenager of your same age.


If I compare my life with the one of a North-Korean family, I realise that I am so lucky, because I can express my ideas and opinions freely, contrast any type of information, travel all around the world in order to know other cultures and form my own ideals, study what I really like, watch TV, wear what ever I want and other things that we do in our day a day and that they can not.

THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF SPAIN

A LOMOS DE LA BESTIA

1. Summarize in a few lines the documentary.

The Beast tell the history of thousands of Central Americans that wants to cross Mexico on freight trains to the United States border.

2. Why is the train called the Beast?
Because in very few occasions people arrive at their destination alive or in any case they come alive, rarely do they lack any part of their body.

3. What countries are the immigrants from? Where do they go?
The immigrants are from every parts of South America, specially Guatemala, Brasil, El Salvador, Ecuador and Mexico. They go to Canada or to USA

4. What is the academic profesional experience of the immigrants?
The immigrants did not have great careers, they work as: mechanic, electrician...

5. What dangers do immigrants face during the journey?
The most important danger that an immigrant faces when making the decision to get on the trains is the great risk of losing his life, if they manage to survive, they rarely do it with all the parts of their body.

6. What type of migratory routes are described in the documentary?
As we can see in the documentary there are two routes, one that goes from the southern to the northern hemisphere, and another that goes from northern to the southern hemisphere.

7. Explain the consequences of migrations for both the countries that send the emigrants away and the countries that receive immigrants?
The consequence  of sending emmigrants is that the population decrease, so the country suffers depopulation and there is a lower expenditure of money.

The consequece of revice immigrants is that the immigrants recive the worst jobs, racism icrease and there are a lot of cultural conflicts.

8. Give your personal opinion.
I think that everybody has to see this documentary because is a reality that is happen nowadays and we should know about the conditions we are living with although they do not affect us directly.

ANALYZING AND DESCRIBING POPULATION PYRAMIDS

   


A population pyramid is a traditional way of visualizing and explaining the age structure of a society. It is a graph that shows the structure of a society by sex and age at a given time and place.
The pyramid we are analazing shows the demographic represent the structure of a city in Germany in the 2012.

Observing the sex ratio we can say that more boys than girls are born. Sex ratio matches at the age of 64-69. When looking at the pyramid is clear that woman have a higher life expectancy than man, the reason for that might be that years ago  women didn´t worked or the works where more easy and less hard that mens.Other reason is that women stayed at home taking care of the childrens while mens where the most time outside working.

With regard to the age structure of the pyramid we can say that…
The shape of the pyramid shows that birth rates and death rates are both low, stabilizing total population growth, countries have experienced significant economic and social advances allowing for reduced family size in relation to decades prior.
In addition, the structure of the pyramid exhibits high births rates between the 1967 and 1948 because in  (high/low birth rates) (high/low death rates)…
The age group with a large njmber of people is 60-64 that means that…
The 45-49 interval shows a bump due to…
There is a notch in the 1973-1977 years related to strong economies, highly educated citizens, ample healthcare systems, the migration of people from rural communities to cities, and expanded employment opportunities for women.

The consequences of the demographic structure of the pyramid are…
Among the measures that can be applied to dela with… we can mention…
According to the data shown, we can predict that the demographic evolution of Germany will be…

LIFE EXPECTANCY

TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE LOWEST LIFE EXPECTANCY  

The countries with the lowest life expectancy hat are show in the maps are:Sierra Leone, Angola, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d´Ivoire, Lesotho, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Cameroon.

There are very notable differences between developed and underdeveloped countries. Some of the most common factors of mortality in these countries are; absence of vaccines, bad nutrition and poor education in children under ten years.

Regarding to the time of being mother, motherhood will be different between the two countries, it would have difficulties. Finally talking about teenagers and adults, the type of food, the illnesses, the lifestyle are relevant. Many food they eat, most of it comes from animals that have diseases that affect human. They live in shanty villages surrounded by lot of bacterias and viruses because the lack of human rights, money and medical advantages.

 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST LIFE EXPECTANCY

The countries with the highest life expectancy that are show in the maps are: Japan, Switzerland, Singapore, Spain, Australia, Italy, Iceland, Israel, France and Sweden in the order in this order.

First, as I explained before, we can analyse gender in those countries, and conclude that women live more than men, for biological, genetic and historic causes.

On the other hand, regarding to prenatal and childhood conditions we can argue that in developed countries such as this ones, are better.

But there are more reasons that make life expectancy grow, like the marital status or socioeconomic, or the medical technology, that are very important. But the main factor which affects mortality is lifestyle, that is much better in developed countries.

BARCELONA

A city is... The city i´m going to analyze is located on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea, on a plain approximately 5 km  wide limited by the mountain range of Collserola, the Llobregat river to the southwest and the Besòs river to the north. The city has its origin as an Iberian village named Barkeno, that nowadays is called Barcelona.
The city plan shows a orthogoal layout. The medieval city was surrounded by a wall that was done two times, the first one is destroyed and we can´t see it but the second one we can see. The main buildings of this city are the monastery of Sant Pau del Camp

he first plan for the extension of Barcelona came from a Catalan civil engineer, Illdefons Cerdà.  Cerdà’s plan was revolutionary for its time, as it focused on planning for hygiene and ease of mobility and transportation in a grid like structure.  To increase hygiene, Cerdà drew from 19th century hygienist theories and planned the city blocks of the extension to be 113.3 by 113.3 m2 in order to optimize the living standards by allowing a 6 m2 volume of air per person.  To increase mobility and transportation, Cerdà planned for each corner of a block to be cut in a chamfer, or rounded, planned very large street widths of 35 m, and included big avenues from 50 to 80 m wide at the main ports and gates of the city. The streets were divided into two parts, one for vehicles and one for pedestrians.  In addition to hygiene and transportation, Cerdà focused on increasing the green spaces and gardens in every block of the city, almost like compact garden-city model. The main goal of Cerdà’s plan was to allow goods and raw materials to be easily transported around the city, a necessity for an industrializing city.

In addition to the planning for the layout of the extension, Cerdà also included an economic plan and the bylaws necessary for his plan to be implemented.  The construction of Cerdà’s wide streets involved the use of many expropriations and compensation to be paid for the expropriations.  Cerdà suggested the urbanization and building process of the Extension should be handed over to a large private enterprise to manage this expropriation.  Cerdà also included very strict bylaws in order to ensure his living standards were being met.  Buildings had to use less than 50% of the block’s surface, and could only use two of the block to allow space for gardens. There was a 20 m height limit as well as a 15 to 20 m depth limit.
Cerdà’s plan faced strong opposition particularly from architects and conservative parties.  The architects first criticized Cerdà’s grid-like structure as monotonous and lacking creativity.  The architects, most notably Antonio Rovira, wanted to develop the extension in a concentric way in order to promote class separation.  Rovira’s plan focused on a hierarchical extension from the axis of the Passeig de Gràcia, already used by upper class and Catalan bourgeoisie. Cerdà’s plan was also criticized for its large use of expropriations for the wide streets.  Rovira’s plan only used 10 to 15 m streets, therefore reducing the number of expropriations.  The Barcelona city council also opposed the use of a private enterprise to manage the expropriations as they feared the project would grow out of their control.

The final criticism focused on Cerdà’s use of the old city from before the walls were demolished.  Cerdà considered the extension as a foundation of a new Barcelona, and included plans to develop a new city center, the Plaça de les Glories Catalanes (clearly defined in the 1859 plan at the intersection of the major avenues), whereas Rovira planned to continue urbanization in a radial extension from the old city.  Old city property owners feared that Cerdà’s plan would devalue their property and cost too much in expropriations, therefore they favored Rovira’s plan.
One of the main achievements of Cerdà’s plan was the construction of one of the three big avenues, the Via Laietana, to connect the port and the gates of the city.  Controversy surrounded the construction of the Via Laietana because it divided one of the most densely populated areas of the old city, and it opened up the street widths to reduce potential blockading in strikes; however the construction was finished in 1926. Although Cerdà’s plan did not reach his intended level of completion, evidence of his plan can be seen today in Barcelona through the existence of the numerous trees along the sidewalks, the chamfers at each end of the building blocks, and the wide streets. 

ZAMORA´S PROCESS OF URBANIZATION

ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF A RURAL LANDSCAPE

The picture shows a mountain lanscape, it´s a small village located in the middle of a valley, we can see mountains in the background that could be one of the mountain rainges that surrounded the Pyrenees.

As we have said before this mountain lanscape is aparently located in a valley, the village since to be build near mountains that probably could be the 

The vegetation is the trees, bushes, pastures, daisies and weedsthat are located near the mountains an d the village. The mountaisn ranged is located in the background  of the the village. The tyoe of climate that it´s typical of mountain areas of Spain is the Alpine climate, with very abundant precipitation, cool summers and winters.

As we see in the picture the main use of lans is related to livestock farming. The type of lanscape that predominated in the Pyrenees is the... There are other secondary uses of the land tahtr we observed in the picture: on the right-top cover we can see cottages and rural houses that are related to rural activities.

The type of settlement taht we can see in the picture is dispersed were the houses are below the mountain, were we obserbed a churche with a bell tower.

The plots are mainly pastures taht are dedicated to the breeding of animals such as cows.

In the picture we can see a roud that could connect the bell tower with other villages of the zone.

Some of the problems that affect the rural areas are depopulation and descent of population. Depopulation affects the rurala reas in many ways; the villages are abandoned , the population that stays is normaly old and nonprodactive, since there is few people living here the public service disappear, some solutions that we can use to stay in this areas is give free land orlow rents to stay in the village and grow crops or product agricultural products, lower taxes and provide low rents. Other important sources aprt from livestock farming and agriculture are the guided visits, especially to the bella tower,